Needful Things: Revision Begins on Page 1

One of the first things to keep in mind about today’s readers is that they are extremely busy.

At every moment, a myriad of options lay before most of us. We can watch a video, play a computer game, read a book, watch television, interact with people or even go outside. As a result, reading is only one choice among many, and it’s one that can be turned aside if the book or story the reader begins doesn’t capture the reader’s attention and imagination right away. Editors know this. So do agents. It’s one of the reasons so many writing conferences have “first pages” sessions. If your first pages fail, the rest of the story is unlikely to have a chance because the reader will have set your story aside to do one of the many other pastimes available.

Now the pressure of these first pages can make it paralyzing to start writing. But the reality is that you should feel comfortable starting the writing even with a weak beginning, since it’s during revision that you really polish your opening. It’s during revisions that a good story normally gains a great beginning. So don’t worry about the beginning during the writing stage. It’s definitely a revision-stage job. Once you get to the revision, it’s not at all uncommon for that opening to change completely. You may find your story starts best in a different spot or at a different time. You may realize you explain a little too much. This is normal. Doing a lot of explaining as you get started writing a story is a common way we begin understanding our own story––but all that explaining and hesitation will need to be removed during the revision. So if explaining doesn’t belong at the beginning, what does? Let’s see.

A Sense of Place

Many writers worry that giving any word count to setting is weakening the beginning. On the contrary, giving a sense of place allows the reader to begin building the reality of the story in his or her head. So setting actually increases engagement. It doesn’t have to take many words and it can easily happen during action (which certainly avoids any chance of a weak beginning.) Consider this opening:

Brie slammed her locker door and spun around. The hallway was empty except for a great big bully, right in her face. “What do you want, Lexi?” she asked.

The locker and the hallway are suggestive of a school, and for a children’s story this would be enough setting for the reader to imagine a school. If you’re writing a children’s story taking place somewhere with lockers and a hall other than a school, you’d need to add a little more to make that clear. Maybe something like this:

Brie shoved her safety vest into the locker and slammed the door. When she spun around, the staff only hallway was almost empty. Almost. A great, big bully loomed over Brie. “What do you want, Lexi?”

Here we have a little more detail to build an imagined setting that isn’t about school. Like the first example, this one doesn’t linger on a lot of details. Whether we’re writing short stories or chapter books or novels, writing for young people nearly always means shorter word counts than writing for adults, so writing lean is necessary. But that doesn’t mean leaving out something we need. Notice that these openings include something else: movement. That brings us to the next needful thing.

What Happens?

Strong openings drop us into a specific moment of the story where something happens. A strong opening gives us the sense of people (even if it’s only your main character), place, and action. Your main character will always be engaged in a specific, engaging, purposeful action that is important to the plot (or to characterization). This need for something engaging and purposeful happening is why you have probably seen strong warnings against opening your story as the character wakes up. That often feels like a meaningful time as you’re writing, but it is rarely a time for specific, engaging, purposeful action. Now if the main character woke to find a monster sitting on his chest, then a waking up moment might be great, but that’s because it is engaging and purposeful (as surely there is some reason the monster was on his chest.)

So how do you know if you started at the right place? Imagine removing the entire first scene and beginning with the second. What does the story lose? How much would the second scene need to change to make the story work? As long as your answers are “not much” then you almost certainly have begun in the wrong place. Keep paring down until you find the scene where the story actually started and cut out all the dead-wood scenes that were simply there to help you get a feel for where you were going, such as waking up scenes, having breakfast scenes, getting dressed scenes, etc.

If cutting a scene will make the opening stronger and more purposeful, then cut it. That is likely to mean some tweaking and smoothing to make your new opening scene work, but that’s just part of revision. Revision is work. But it’s good work because it brings you closer to publication. What else will do that? Let’s look at two more needful things.

Surprise Us

One of the best ways to engage the reader is to surprise him (without confusing him). Notice the sample opening in the first section. Not much happens. I set the scene in a school (or possibly work place). I close a locker and a bully is there. That is a surprise. It’s not as surprising as waking to a monster on your chest, but it is a surprise. Always offer the reader something that surprises. Maybe your hulking pirate character longs to be a dancer. That would be a surprise. Maybe your familiar classroom scene is revealed to be on a space station. That would be a surprise. Surprises can be big, like a character running from a bully and discovering a secret door leading to an unexpected scene. Or a surprise can be small, such as a little girl with a ridiculous name. If your story is funny, the surprise should almost certainly be funny as well. If the story is meant to be an adventure or a fantasy or a spooky tale, introducing some hint of that in your surprise can help hook the reader while also setting up expectations for bigger surprises later.

Use Your Outdoor Voice

When we were small and folks were always telling us to use our indoor voices, they meant voices that don’t draw too much attention. Writing is time for your outdoor voice. It’s the time to use a voice that is truly yours.

Voice is about being who you are without reservation. It’s not about trying to sound really scholarly or very poetic. It’s about sounding like the most authentic version of you, so anything you put on that feels unnatural is actually interfering with your voice, not enhancing it. Your authentic writing voice will flow out of you, not hitch and twist. Your writing voice is the natural result of where you’ve been, what you’ve experienced, and the story you’ve consumed in your life. And because your experience is uniquely yours, your voice will be as well, automatically. Basically finding your voice is about letting go and getting out of your own way. Voice will happen.

Always keep in mind that whatever your voice emerges as, it will need to be very clear. In writing, clarity is the number one most necessary style element. Anything that interferes with clarity needs to change. But when you combine clarity with authenticity, you will automatically get the voice that works best. If you feel like your voice isn’t flowing like you want, the problem isn’t with any need to struggle, it’s almost always with a need to better understand and relate to your characters, your story and your setting. When those things are real for you, you can relax into your writing and your real voice will just flow.

Now, your writing voice is a bit different from the voice of each character (even though the same word is being used). The voice of each character is the way the person speaks and thinks that is him (or her) when most authentic. If your characters tend to sound too much alike, you likely either have (1) not spent enough time making them real in your head or (2) you have too many characters to carry authentically in your imagination. The place of improving the voice of your characters lies in your imagination (and sometimes in your memory). Just as your voice comes from the places you’ve been and the things you’ve experienced, the same is true for your characters. So get to know them better and they will begin to speak to you in more authentic ways. Imagination truly is key.

Dig deeper into making the characters, and the place, and the action real in your head. Run it through your mind’s eye as many times as you can. Imagine standing in the middle of your scene and look around––what objects are there? What is the temperature? Can you smell anything? The more real the scene becomes for you, the more it will unfold in a unique way, and that will pull your voice along with it. Most of the time, lack of voice is just lack of time spent really making the moment feel in your head like a memory, not a mechanical collection of words.

So look at your opening as you revise. Do you put us in a specific place? Does specific action occur right away? Do you surprise the reader? Is it clear and does it read as if it were effortless to write? Good writing always looks like it came out easily (even though we know it didn’t). Don’t be afraid to revise your opening over and over. It’ll be worth it. I promise.

Related Posts on Revision

• 4 Planning Tools to Use for Successful Revision
• Revision Begins on Page One
• The Arc